Civiliza tion and barbarism. The establishment of a ‘colonial difference’ during the debates of the sixteenth century, and its cover up as ‘cultural difference’. Andamios, Revista de Investigación Social, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 20, p. 63–88, 2012. DOI: 10.29092/uacm.v9i20.371. Disponível em: https://andamios.uacm.edu.mx/index.php/andamios/article/view/371. Acesso em: 20 mar. 2026.